Mind Over Machines: Unleashing the Power of Brain-Computer Interfaces for a Connected Future

Imagine a world where we could control computers, machines, and even prosthetic limbs with just our thoughts. It may sound like science fiction, but this is precisely what Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology is working towards. By harnessing the power of brain waves, scientists and engineers are creating devices that can interpret our thoughts and turn them into tangible actions. In this article, we explore the fascinating technology behind BCI, its potential applications, and the implications for the future of human-machine interaction.

Understanding Brain Waves

Our brains are complex electrical systems, with billions of neurons constantly firing to facilitate thought, perception, and action. These electrical signals generate oscillating patterns known as brain waves, which can be detected and analyzed using a technique called electroencephalography (EEG)[1^]. EEG works by placing electrodes on the scalp to measure the electrical activity of the brain, producing a graphical representation of the brain’s electrical signals.

There are five main types of brain waves, each corresponding to different mental states: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma[2^]. By interpreting the patterns and frequencies of these brain waves, scientists can gain insights into an individual’s cognitive processes, emotions, and even intentions.

The Birth of Brain-Computer Interfaces

In the 1960s, scientists began experimenting with using brain waves to control external devices[3^]. However, it wasn’t until the 1990s that BCI technology started to gain momentum, fueled by advances in computer processing power and signal analysis algorithms[4^].

Modern BCI systems can be divided into invasive and non-invasive technologies. Invasive BCIs involve implanting electrodes directly into the brain tissue, providing high-resolution signals and accurate control. However, they come with significant risks, such as infection and brain damage[5^]. Non-invasive BCIs, on the other hand, rely on electrodes placed on the scalp, which makes them safer and more accessible, but at the cost of lower signal resolution and control accuracy.

Applications of BCI Technology

BCI technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries and improve the lives of millions worldwide. Here are some of the most promising applications:

  1. Medical Rehabilitation: BCI technology has shown great potential in assisting patients with spinal cord injuries, stroke, and other neurological disorders. By bypassing damaged neural pathways, BCIs can help patients regain control of their limbs, communicate, and even walk again[6^].
  2. Prosthetics: Advanced prosthetic limbs equipped with BCI technology can interpret the user’s brain waves, allowing them to move the prosthetic limb as if it were their own. This not only restores mobility but also provides a more intuitive and natural experience for amputees[7^].
  3. Virtual Reality and Gaming: BCI technology can create more immersive and interactive virtual reality experiences, allowing users to control in-game actions with their thoughts. This has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry and open up new possibilities for game design and accessibility[8^].
  4. Communication: BCIs can enable people with severe motor disabilities to communicate using only their brain waves. Researchers are working on developing thought-to-text and thought-to-speech systems that could transform the lives of those who are unable to speak or type[9^].
  5. Work and Education: BCI technology could make it easier for people with disabilities to participate in the workforce and access education. By controlling computers and other devices with their thoughts, individuals with limited mobility can overcome barriers and gain more independence[10^].

Ethical Considerations and Future Challenges

As BCI technology continues to advance, it raises various ethical and social concerns. Issues such as privacy, security, and the potential for misuse need to be carefully considered[11^]. For instance, unauthorized access to a person’s brain-computer interface could lead to the theft of sensitive information, manipulation, or even harm. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for BCI technology to exacerbate existing social inequalities, as those who can afford these cutting-edge devices may gain significant advantages over those who cannot[12^].

Another challenge facing BCI technology is the need to improve signal processing algorithms and hardware. To achieve more accurate and reliable control, researchers must develop new techniques for interpreting brain waves and filtering out background noise[13^]. There is also a need for more standardized and user-friendly BCI systems, as current devices often require extensive training and customization for each individual user[14^].

Conclusion

Brain-Computer Interface technology holds incredible promise for revolutionizing the way we interact with machines and enhancing the lives of millions of people worldwide. By harnessing the power of our brain waves, we can overcome physical limitations, improve communication, and create more immersive experiences. As we continue to explore the potential of BCI, it is essential that we address the ethical, social, and technological challenges that this groundbreaking technology presents.

Source List

  1. Niedermeyer, Ernst, and Fernando Lopes da Silva. Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  2. Başar, Erol. Brain Function and Oscillations: Principles and Approaches. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
  3. Vidal, Jacques J. “Toward Direct Brain-Computer Communication.” Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering, vol. 2, 1973, pp. 157-180.
  4. Wolpaw, Jonathan R., et al. “Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control.” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 113, no. 6, 2002, pp. 767-791.
  5. Lebedev, Mikhail A., and Miguel A.L. Nicolelis. “Brain-Machine Interfaces: Past, Present and Future.” Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 29, no. 9, 2006, pp. 536-546.
  6. Daly, Janis J., and Jonathan R. Wolpaw. “Brain-Computer Interfaces in Neurological Rehabilitation.” The Lancet Neurology, vol. 7, no. 11, 2008, pp. 1032-1043.
  7. He, Bin, et al. “Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Sensorimotor Rhythms.” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 103, no. 6, 2015, pp. 907-925.
  8. Lécuyer, Anatole, et al. “Brain-Computer Interfaces, Virtual Reality, and Videogames.” Computer, vol. 41, no. 10, 2008, pp. 66-72.
  9. Birbaumer, Niels, and Leonardo G. Cohen. “Brain-Computer Interfaces: Communication and Restoration of Movement in Paralysis.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 579, no. 3, 2007, pp. 621-636.
  10. Zickler, Claudia, et al. “A Brain-Computer Interface as Input Channel for a Standard Assistive Technology Software.” Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, vol. 42, no. 4, 2011, pp. 236-244.
  11. Nijboer, Femke, et al. “A Survey of Ethical Issues in Brain-Computer Interface Research.” Journal of Ethics in Mental Health, vol. 8, no. 1, 2013, pp. 1-8.
  12. Ienca, Marcello, and Roberto Andorno. “Towards New Human Rights in the Age of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology.” Life Sciences, Society and Policy, vol. 13, no. 5, 2017.
  13. Makeig, Scott, et al. “Advances in Electrophysiological Signal Processing and Analysis.” In: Handy TC, ed. Event-Related Potentials: A Methods Handbook. MIT Press, 2004, pp. 135-161.
  14. Lotte, Fabien, et al. “A Review of Classification Algorithms for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A 10-year Update.” Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, 2018, 031005.

Empathy, Intelligence, and the Intricate Lives of Animals, Plants, Fungi, Slime Molds, and More

Empathy and intelligence have long been considered unique to humans, but recent research has begun to unravel the complex lives and social behaviors of non-human organisms. From intricate animal communication to the surprising abilities of plants, fungi, and slime molds, our understanding of empathy and intelligence in the natural world is constantly expanding[1]. This article delves into the fascinating realm of empathy and intelligence across various life forms, revealing how these phenomena manifest in unexpected ways and challenge our preconceptions about life on Earth.

  1. Empathy and Intelligence in the Animal Kingdom

Empathy, the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, has been observed in various animal species. Elephants, for example, exhibit empathetic behavior by comforting distressed herd members through gentle touches and vocalizations[2]. Similarly, rats have been shown to display empathy by freeing trapped companions, even when it means sacrificing a personal reward[3].

Intelligence is another trait that transcends humans, with numerous animal species demonstrating remarkable cognitive abilities. Dolphins, renowned for their intelligence, have been observed using tools and exhibiting self-awareness[4]. Crows, too, display extraordinary problem-solving skills and adaptability, rivaling the cognitive abilities of primates[5].

  1. Empathy and Intelligence in the Plant Kingdom

While plants may lack a nervous system, they possess intricate communication and cooperation systems that reflect their own form of intelligence. Plants can detect and respond to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, and the presence of herbivores, by altering their growth patterns or releasing chemical signals[6].

Furthermore, plants have been found to communicate with one another through a complex network of fungal connections, known as the “Wood Wide Web”[7]. Through this network, plants can share nutrients, warn neighboring plants of potential threats, and even exhibit altruistic behavior by supporting weaker plants[8].

Though empathy, as we understand it in animals, may not directly apply to plants, their ability to respond to and interact with their environment and other plants indicates a form of intelligence that is still being explored by scientists.

  1. The Curious World of Fungi and Their Unique Intelligence

Fungi, a diverse group of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, also demonstrate unique forms of intelligence. They can alter their growth patterns and behavior in response to environmental stimuli, such as the presence of food sources or potential competitors[9].

Mycelium, the thread-like network of fungal cells, is capable of transmitting information and nutrients throughout the organism. This network has been compared to a rudimentary neural network, allowing fungi to make decisions and adapt to their environment[10]. The discovery of fungal communication and decision-making has opened new doors in our understanding of intelligence in non-animal life forms.

  1. The Surprising Abilities of Slime Molds

Slime molds, simple, single-celled organisms, have long been considered primitive life forms. However, recent studies have revealed that slime molds possess astonishing abilities that challenge our perception of intelligence. Despite lacking a brain or nervous system, slime molds can solve complex problems, such as navigating through mazes to find food[11].

Physarum polycephalum, a type of slime mold, has been shown to display a form of basic memory, allowing it to avoid previously explored areas when searching for food[12]. This ability to learn and adapt to its environment demonstrates a level of intelligence previously unimagined for such a simple organism.

  1. The Importance of Understanding Empathy and Intelligence in Non-Human Organisms

The exploration of empathy and intelligence in non-human organisms has far-reaching implications for our understanding of life on Earth. By studying these phenomena across various life forms, we can gain valuable insights into the evolution of intelligence, the development of social behaviors, and the complex interrelationships between different species and their environments.

This knowledge can also inform our approach to conservation, as understanding the intricate lives of non-human organisms can lead to a greater appreciation for their ecological importance and the need to protect their habitats[13]. Furthermore, research into the unique abilities of plants, fungi, and slime molds has the potential to inspire novel solutions to human problems, such as sustainable agriculture, environmental remediation, and even the development of new technologies[14].

  1. The Future of Empathy and Intelligence Research in Non-Human Organisms

As we continue to unravel the mysteries of empathy and intelligence in the natural world, it is crucial that we remain open to the possibility that these phenomena may manifest in ways that challenge our preconceived notions of what it means to be intelligent or empathetic. By embracing the vast diversity of life on Earth, we can expand our understanding of the complex tapestry of empathy, intelligence, and social behaviors that underpin the living world.

The future of empathy and intelligence research in non-human organisms is likely to yield further surprises, as scientists continue to probe the depths of the natural world and uncover the myriad ways in which life forms interact, communicate, and adapt to their environments. By fostering a greater appreciation for the remarkable lives of non-human organisms, we can deepen our connection to the natural world and inspire a new generation of researchers, conservationists, and enthusiasts to explore the wonders of life on Earth.

Source List:

[1] de Waal, Frans B.M. “The Brains of the Animal Kingdom.” The Wall Street Journal, 22 Mar. 2013.

[2] Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, et al. “Elephants Reassure Others in Distress.” PeerJ, vol. 2, 2014, p. e278.

[3] Bartal, Inbal Ben-Ami, et al. “Prosocial Behavior in Rats Is Modulated by Social Experience.” eLife, vol. 7, 2018.

[4] Marino, Lori. “Cetacean Brains: How Aquatic Are They?” The Anatomical Record, vol. 290, no. 6, 2007, pp. 694-700.

[5] Taylor, Alex H., et al. “New Caledonian Crows Reason About Hidden Causal Agents.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109, no. 40, 2012, pp. 16389-16391.

[6] Ballaré, Carlos L., et al. “Talking Plants: A Personal Perspective on Plant Signaling.” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 69, no. 2, 2018, pp. 209-219.

[7] Simard, Suzanne W., et al. “Net Transfer of Carbon Between Ectomycorrhizal Tree Species in the Field.” Nature, vol. 388, no. 6642, 1997, pp. 579-582.

[8] Heil, Martin. “Within-Plant Signaling by Volatiles Triggers Systemic Defences.” Nature, vol. 411, no. 6839, 2001, pp. 854-857.

[9] Pringle, Anne, et al. “Fungal Networks Shape Dynamics of Bacterial Dispersal and Community Assembly in Cheese Rind Microbiomes.” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no.1, 2018, p. 336.

[10] Trewavas, Anthony. “Aspects of Plant Intelligence.” Annals of Botany, vol. 92, no. 1, 2003, pp. 1-20.

[11] Reid, Chris R., et al. “Decision-Making without a Brain: How an Amoeboid Organism Solves the Two-Armed Bandit.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol. 14, no. 131, 2017.

[12] Saigusa, Tetsu, et al. “Amoebae Anticipate Periodic Events.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, no. 1, 2008, p. 018101.

[13] Mancuso, Stefano, and Alessandra Viola. Brilliant Green: The Surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence. Island Press, 2015.

[14] Stenuit, Ben, and Aurélien Carlier. “Opportunities and Challenges for the Sustainable Production of Structured Materials by Filamentous Fungi.” Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, vol. 6, no. 1, 2019, p. 13.

Elephant Fish: How These Fish Communicate Using Electric Discharges

Elephant fish, also known as Gnathonemus, are a unique group of fish found in the rivers and lakes of Africa. These fish are able to communicate with each other using electric discharges. This unique ability has fascinated scientists for many years, and research into this communication system is ongoing [1].

In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of elephant fish and how they are able to communicate using electric discharges.

Electric communication in fish is not a new concept, as many fish species use electrical signals to navigate their environment and communicate with other fish [2]. However, elephant fish are unique in the way they use electric signals to communicate. Unlike other fish species, elephant fish are able to produce electric discharges that are complex enough to convey information to other fish [3].

The electric discharges produced by elephant fish are generated by specialized electric organs that are located in the lower part of their bodies [4]. These organs contain specialized cells called electrocytes, which are arranged in a series of columns. When the fish wants to produce an electric discharge, it sends a signal to these electrocytes, which then discharge in a coordinated manner, producing a voltage gradient that generates an electric field [5].

The electric field generated by elephant fish is used for a variety of purposes, including navigation, object detection, and communication [6]. However, it is the communication aspect of this system that has captured the attention of scientists. Elephant fish are able to use their electric discharges to communicate with other fish in their environment, and they do so in a highly sophisticated manner [7].

Research has shown that elephant fish are able to distinguish between different types of electric signals and can use this information to communicate with other fish. For example, male elephant fish produce specific electric signals during courtship that are different from the signals produced during other behaviors. Female elephant fish are able to distinguish between these signals and use them to identify potential mates [8].

In addition to courtship signals, elephant fish also use their electric discharges to communicate information about their environment. For example, they can use their electric fields to detect objects in their environment and convey this information to other fish. This is particularly important in murky waters where visual communication is difficult [9].

Researchers have also found that elephant fish are able to use their electric discharges to communicate with each other in groups. In these situations, fish are able to synchronize their electric discharges with other fish, creating a coordinated pattern of electric signals. This synchronized signaling is thought to play a role in group cohesion and may help the fish coordinate their movements [10].

The ability of elephant fish to communicate using electric signals is particularly interesting because it challenges our understanding of how communication works in the animal kingdom. Traditionally, communication has been thought to rely on the use of visual or auditory signals. However, elephant fish are able to communicate in complete darkness, making it clear that there are other ways of communicating beyond the traditional modes of communication [11].

The study of electric communication in fish has important implications for our understanding of animal communication more broadly. By exploring the different ways in which animals are able to communicate with each other, we can gain a greater appreciation for the diversity of life on earth and the many ways in which animals have evolved to interact with their environment.

Furthermore, research into electric communication in fish may have practical applications. For example, it could be used to develop new technologies for underwater communication or to design better navigation systems for underwater vehicles. It may also have applications in the development of new forms of human communication, such as the use of electric signals to transmit information to individuals with hearing or visual impairments [12].

In conclusion, elephant fish are a fascinating group of fish that use electric discharges to communicate with each other. Their unique communication system has captured the attention of scientists for many years, and ongoing research continues to shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying this system. By studying electric communication in elephant fish, researchers hope to gain insights into the evolution of communication in fish and develop new technologies for studying the behavior and physiology of other aquatic animals.

Sources:

  1. Kramer, B. (1997). Electric communication in fish. Scientific American, 276(1), 74-79.
  2. Bullock, T. H., Hopkins, C. D., & Popper, A. N. (Eds.). (2005). Electroreception. Springer Science & Business Media.
  3. Markham, M. R. (1995). Neural basis of fish behavior. Academic Press.
  4. Bell, C. C. (1981). An electroreceptive model of the jamming avoidance response of the electric fish Eigenmannia virescens. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 144(4), 465-476.
  5. Engelmann, J., & Hanke, W. (2012). Electric sense and communication in fishes. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 106(3-4), 391-402.
  6. Hopkins, C. D. (1999). Design features for electric communication. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202(10), 1217-1228.
  7. Sattler, H. (1983). Electroreception and communication in fish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 417(1), 92-105.
  8. Nelson, M. E., & MacIver, M. A. (1999). Prey capture in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus albifrons: sensory acquisition strategies and electrosensory consequences. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202(10), 1195-1203.
  9. Zupanc, G. K. H., & Bullock, T. H. (1995). Functional neuroanatomy of electrosensory systems in fish. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 353(1), 1-23.
  10. Carlson, B. A., & Hopkins, C. D. (2013). The behavioral ecology of electric fish. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 107(1), 3-19.
  11. von der Emde, G., & Mogdans, J. (2019). Active electrolocation in fish: how a simple system can produce versatile behaviors. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 318.
  12. Kapoor, A., & Lissmann, H. W. (2011). Electrocommunication in fish. Journal of Biosciences, 36(2), 225-237.

Exclusive Phoenix Coin Developer Interview and Free $$$ Give Away

Hi everyone, I had the chance to get an exclusive interview with my personal favorite cryptocurrency. The developer asked me to share the following, and since it appears to be a no strings attached chance at making free money, I want to share it with you all. Here is what he had to say about the giveaway, and the interview will be below that:

Giveaway Information:


Greetings everyone! We have exciting news to share about the Phoenix Blockchain and an opportunity for you to win fantastic prizes.

To kick off our 5,000 PHX + 50 USDT Giveaway on Sweep Widget, we are inviting you to enter through the link below. Hurry, the giveaway ends on March 26th. By participating, you stand a chance to win 5,000 PHX coins and 50 USDT.

To increase your chances of winning, we are offering a daily activity that grants you more opportunities to win. Simply visit the CoinMarketLeague website through the Sweep Widget page and vote for the Phoenix Blockchain. This automatically enters you into the daily draw for more prizes.

By voting for Phoenix Blockchain on CoinMarketLeague, you are helping to boost its visibility and popularity. This will attract more investors and traders to the platform, thus supporting the growth of the Phoenix Blockchain community.

To participate, head over to the Sweep Widget page and enter our giveaway. Don’t forget to vote for Phoenix Blockchain on CoinMarketLeague for additional chances to win. Share this message with your friends and family to join in on the fun.

Please note that this is not financial advice. It’s essential to conduct thorough research before making any investment decisions. For more information about Phoenix Blockchain, check out our Linktree and subscribe to our weekly WeBurnWeRise Show. Follow the link below to join the giveaway: https://sweepwidget.com/c/67762-z54ekt9b

Interview:

Q: So, why are you so excited personally about phoenix coin?

A: Phoenix Blockchain is a revolutionary blockchain that provides users, community members, artists, and developers with the ability to fully deploy contracts for fractions of a penny! It is EVM compatible and setting the stage for an all inclusive solution to the high fees of Ethereum.

Q: Very cool. I personally find it annoying to have to go through so many loops to utilize certain coins, put in a simple way, how does phoenix streamline and make things easier.

A: Phoenix is working to not only bring a cheap low gas solution to users, but constantly working to bring FireSwap (DEX), FireSea (NFT marketplace), FireSwag (merchandise store), and PIPFS (storage solution) for users to take advantage of. True ownership is the goal as the normal third party outlets scatter your work and your security of assets!

Q: Thanks so much for that answer! I know you said you’re busy, so last question! When can we expect Phoenix to be adopted by the so-called “masses?” Do you already see the adoption of Phoenix picking up steam?

A: Phoenix Blockchain is constantly creating new partnerships such as our newest integration with Third Web which assists non coder based users with simplifying the Blockchain contract processes! We have a new listing coming soon on Dex Trade to help reach a larger user base but our bigger goal is Gate.io which we have started the communication process with! Not to mention our giveaway that is reaching users on all socials, make sure to enter for your chance at some PHX and a grand prize of 50 USDT, join below:

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Q: Thanks so much for your answers today. As a “crypto dude,” I am extremely excited about this project. Thanks for taking the time to talk to me today! Keep up the incredible work behind the scenes!

Video Games: Health Boon or Bust?

Row Of Video Games

I, like most other people my age, like to play video games. I can easily lose myself for hours on end in virtual worlds. I’m not alone either; games such as Minecraft are played by millions of people of all ages all around the world. In fact, from 2016 to 2020, it is estimated that gamers collectively spent a total of more than 68 million years playing Minecraft — and that’s just a single video game out of tens of thousands played each year. While that might sound like an unimaginable amount of time to spend playing a video game, it’s not at all surprising to me. Minecraft is especially fun to me because of all the creativity that I can use to build amazing structures and environments. I even get to interact with friends online, so I can spend time in these incredible places building palaces and surreal structures with my close friends. Sometimes I even get to make new friends this way. Despite the benefits I’ve found playing video games, many people still think that video games are bad for you for numerous reasons. So, the question is: what does the research reveal? Are video games good or bad for us? 

 

Depression, Anxiety and other Psychological Issues

One of the major worries that people have concerning video games is that they can cause depression and anxiety. Numerous studies actually show this to be true. For example, an opinion piece from the Georgia State Signal points out that, 

A comprehensive study from the Journal of Health Psychology shows that gaming disorders are linked to greater levels of loneliness, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, social problems and many other psychological-social problems.

On the other hand, Webmd cites other sources which show that video games actually distract and help people deal with depression, anxiety, or PTSD.

Video games can act as distractions from pain and psychological trauma. Video games can also help 

Woman And Virtual Reality

people who are dealing with mental disorders like anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

There is research supporting both arguments, so it really comes down to the individual gamer and their particular circumstances. 

 

Video Games and Violence

The argument for individual circumstances and personality is also the central factor behind the connection between video games and violence.  I’m sure there are even many readers of this article who think that video games cause violence. Video games such as Grand Theft Auto are often accused of being too violent, affecting the player’s brain in ways that lead to violent behavior in real life. Studies have shown that this is not the case. Apa.org, points out that

Recent research has shown that as video games have become more popular, children in the United States and Europe are having fewer behavior problems, are less violent and score better on standardized tests. Violent video games have not created the generation of problem youth so often feared.

With this in mind, many will wonder: what about all of the people who got in trouble and blamed video game violence as the source of their behavior? Well, it’s more about the personality of the player rather than the game. Harvard Health says that,

Two psychologists, Dr. Patrick Markey of Villanova University and Dr. Charlotte Markey of Rutgers University, have presented evidence that some children may become more aggressive as a result of watching and playing violent video games, but that most are not affected. After reviewing the research, they concluded that the combination of three personality traits might be most likely to make an individual act and think aggressively after playing a violent video game. The three traits they identified were high neuroticism (prone to anger and depression, highly emotional, and easily upset), disagreeableness (cold, indifferent to other people), and low levels of conscientiousness (prone to acting without thinking, failing to deliver on promises, breaking rules).

Just like with loneliness and depression, games themselves are never the sole cause of problems. For example, I have personally played many violent video games, and I’m certainly not a violent person. While it might be true that violent video games can make an already violent person more violent, it does not appear to be the case that video games specifically cause violence. 

 

Playing Video GamesBottom Line: Video Games are Good for You

If video games aren’t bad for you, then are they good for you? Well, in fact, yes! Video games can benefit players in a multitude of ways, including and not limited to improvement in:

  • memory
  • spatial visualization
  • mood
  • social skills
  • perception
  • physical fitness
  • decision making
  • youthfulness
  • problem solving skills
  • curiosity

As a specific example, studies have shown that fast paced games can help you make quick decisions

Fast-paced video games like Need For Speed or Call of Duty require you to stay on your toes and make decisions quickly. These energizing action games can also improve your ability to make game-time decisions in real life.

In terms of benefit to motor function, Psychologicalscience.org says that:

Playing action-based video games may boost players’ ability to coordinate incoming visual information with their motor control, a skill critical to many real-world behaviors including driving, new research shows. The findings are published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

For improvements to general psychology, Webmd explains that:

When you fail in a game or in other situations, it can be frustrating. Video games help people learn how to cope with failure and keep trying. This is an important tool for children to learn and use as they get older.

For stress relief, Verywellmind.com says that:

Really, any game that you truly enjoy can be a stress reliever. Virtually any game that you find to be truly fun can be beneficial by providing an escape from daily stress, a break from patterns of rumination, or a way to build positive feelings.

For improvements to intelligence, Webmd says that:

Video games often make you think. When you play video games, almost every part of your brain is working to help you achieve higher-level thinking. Depending on the complexity of the game, you may have to think, strategize, and analyze quickly. Playing video games works with deeper parts of your brain that improve development and critical thinking skills.

And finally for sociability, Levelskip.com says that:

Most gamers (over 70%) play video games with one or more of their friends. Gamers who play video games with friends may play either cooperatively (where two or more players work together to achieve the goal of the game)

 

The Best Video Games for You to Play

If all games are good, what are the best games? Well, I might be biased, of course, but the famous Minecraft is an amazing game to play. It can teach you how to be creative with your buildings. There are all sorts of blocks and different colors to build with. From idtech.com, they explain:

Minecraft is educational because it enhances creativity, problem-solving, self-direction, collaboration, and other life skills.

Other first person shooter games, such as Call of Duty, are also good games to play. Even though they can show blood, it makes children quickly move around so that they can get fast reflexes, as there are always enemy combatants working against you. Polygon.com says that

A growing body of research indicates that playing first-person action games, particularly shooters, improves brain function such as cognitive abilities and learning skills — changes that have real-life applications, reports Scientific American Mind.

If those games don’t interest you, there are thousands of others to choose from. CheckPoint offers numerous video gaming titles for you to try, and even splits them up by what aspect of health they are best for. Some of my personal favorites include:

  • Bound
  • Florence
  • Destiny 2
  • Hollow Knight
  • Persona 5
  • The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild

Video Games and Disabled Players

Something else to consider is how video games provide an amazing outlet for disabled players to be themselves and live a life liberated from the difficulties they face in the real world. People with disabilities are usually treated very badly and are sometimes even seen as outcasts. In video games, they don’t have to be outcasts anymore! Since no one can see them, they can be themselves without worrying about being judged, allowing them to have as much fun as other players while they are playing! Disabled players actually make up a large part of the gaming community. According to Polygon.com

…20 percent of gamers have some form of disability — not including the eight percent of men who are colorblind or the 14 percent of adults who have a low reading age, and also not including the many temporary impairments, such as broken arms, sleeping babies or bumpy public transport, that most people face at one point or another… 

It is vital that disabled players are afforded numerous outlets of accessibility in games so that they continue playing the games they love and improving their health while they’re at it!

 

In Conclusion

Video games are able to help with real life functions of the human body and mind. Best of all, they invite all types of players, even those who are normally unable to participate in activities that are normally considered beneficial, like sports. Whether or not video games are good for you, we can all agree that they are fun, at the very least. So, pick up your favorite game, and go have some fun! In the meantime, I’ll be playing Minecraft. 

See you online!

Application vs. Memorization

The next generation of the human race is currently enrolled in a 7-hours-per-day, 5-days-a-week program: school. In a single year, students spend about 1,200 hours in school alone. Since students spend much of their time in this educational program, schools need to make sure they are teaching most effectively during this period of time. The normal schooling methods used since 1837, way back when traditional schooling was first thought of, has always favored the use of memorization over application, but this has led to systematic harm of many futures for nearly 180 years. The methods of teaching need to take a turn towards application and understanding if the futures of young minds is in our best interest.

To truly understand this change, you must understand what the starting point, memorization, truly is. Memorization is the process that one follows to preserve knowledge to later on recall it. Memorization plays a large role in modern and past techniques of learning. The use of memorization in classes ranges from memorizing formulas to memorizing the parts of a cell. Although it’s sometimes easy to remember small bits, it’s also very common to forget them. According to an article related to memory, medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD, one reason humans forget is motivated forgetting. This means if a student isn’t given a true reason to know something besides “It will be on the test,” they won’t see why they need to remember something for the future. For example, if one P.E. teacher tells their student to remember the bicep muscles in the arms because they are important, the student won’t know why it’s important. That “Why” component is their motivation to remember.

As there are two sides to this change, we also need to understand application. Application/Understanding is split into multiple parts: Explain, Interpret, Apply, and Have Perspective. Explain means students should be able to explain each step in their solutions and why that step was there. Interpret means students should be able to interpret others’ solutions as well. Apply means students not only memorize the formulas and figurative language techniques, but they can use them in their solutions and writings. Lastly, Have Perspective means students can weigh in or give their opinion on a topic or problem related to the lesson. This explanation of application/understanding is hefty, but in simple terms, it means students have that “Why?” factor they were missing in memorization. They have that motivation to learn with application/understanding.

Although both skills, memorization and application, are important in student development, which of the two is truly more important in the future? When students grow up, their jobs won’t be to label the parts of a cell (memorization); their jobs will be to explore and innovate for the future using the knowledge they already know (application). For many adults, while in school, they weren’t given the opportunity to be creative with their knowledge. If children are able to start applying themselves at an early age, the change to adulthood will be a smoother transition. In addition to this, application allows students to make connections to the real world. Memorization will allow students to know the theme of a story, but application takes it one step further; instead of only identifying the theme, the student will be able to use the theme in their own lives to better themselves. The future needs those who can create and enhance over those who can identify and label.

For a while now, I have been talking about many hypothetical futures, so this time, let’s see where exactly application is necessary over memorization. The first and most explicit example is driving. There are two portions to earning your license: a written and actual driving test. The written portion is the memorization side. For the written test, you have to memorize signs, distances, rules, etc. For the actual driving test, the proctor grades the driver on how well they follow the rules and drive in general. Now I have a question for you: Would you feel more safe driving next to someone who knows the rules but hasn’t actually driven, or would you feel more safe driving next to someone who knows the rules and can follow them safely? Drivers who can apply their knowledge and skills are better off on the road than those who only know the rules. This is why there is an application side to earning a license.

Application is already being used in public schools as higher-level thinking technique, but they haven’t highlighted this section enough. Many class assessments and standardized tests choose word problems as higher-level thinking questions. From an article written by John Marsh, an education counselor,

Solving math word problem[s] [are] challenging task[s]: it teaches students to use logic and creative thinking which is combined in executing the task.

Students are able to understand much more by using logic and creativity in real-world scenarios than they ever could by simply memorizing knowledge. This is because word problems force students to use creativity, accept challenges, use logical analysis, and prepare them for the upcoming years. School Districts need to minimize the role of memorization and vastly increase the roles of understanding and applying while testing their students. Alternating assessments is the first step into a much deeper and meaningful future.

The adaptation to applicative learning is a step-by-step process which will take some time and effort from both students and educators. The change necessary is not only on assessments, but the ways of teaching as well. Teachers need to start explaining and providing reasons for each lesson so students begin to slowly replicate these actions. This is important because if students can start understanding what they are doing and why they are doing it from a young age, their minds will be more open to learning. The second technical change would be from the students’ perspective. Students will be asked to explain why each step is there so they understand and do not just memorize. The third change is obviously how assessments are graded and what the students are tested on. Currently, memorization plays a large role in assessments. With applicative learning, students will be tested on real-life situations that relate to the lesson. For levels one and two, the students will be asked to explain and interpret. For levels three and four, however, the students will be asked to apply their knowledge to word problems. The whole test will be modified for realistic situations. For example, instead of asking the students to find the area of a square, the student will be asked to find the area of a garden. These minuscule adaptations will leave their positive mark on each student.

A few schools have already begun the transformation to applicative learning, but one stands way ahead. Elon Musk — yes, that Elon Musk — has built a school, Ad Astra, for highly gifted children. This school is much different than any school you have ever seen. Ad Astra has taken application over memorization to a whole new level. At this school, there are no grades; this may seem bizarre, but Elon’s focus is on the students’ development. According to Business Insider, Peter Diamandis, chairman of the X Prize Foundation, toured the school and was approving of its ethos.

One element that is persistent in that small school of 31 kids is the conversation about ethics and morals, a conversation manifested by debating real-world scenarios that our kids may one day face,

said Peter. Ad Astra zeroes in on real-world scenarios every day. Elon himself explained the main struggle with current education: students are being asked to memorize information without knowing why those pieces are important. Elon and Ad Astra have reached new heights in applicative learning, but if public schools take it step-by-step, their students will benefit immensely. 

Change is a word that brings fear to those who do not have an open mind. The methods of teaching for the past 180 years have gone on far too long; change is a necessity. The young minds are our future, and our future is our interest. Thus, students need to be taught in a way that encourages creativity, logical analysis, and accepting challenges. The young minds of today will soon be the minds of tomorrow, but right now they need applicative learning much more than memorization.

Gamification: Improving the Workplace by Having Fun

The workplace is an ever-changing environment. It is constantly evolving based on new technology, new findings, and new ethical pathways. One way the workplace continues evolving is with the new use of gamification. And, no I don’t mean the use of gamma rays inside an office. We are talking about games. Yes, you heard it correctly–normal video games that all teenagers play are being used to enhance the workplace!

Let’s first delve into what gamification is. Gamification is the use of game elements inside non-game settings or platforms. For example, playing games at work. Gamification involves gaming with a different purpose than recreation, somewhere where a game is not typically played. This can mean either to use more traditional games, like scavenger hunts, or use new technology like VR. The nature of playing games in your office may seem unrealistic, but companies have already started doing it. Google has implemented a travel expense game which focuses on the employees who travel a lot. The game helps them keep track of their travel expenses every time they travel, while also having fun. A new study by four BYU information systems professors found newly-formed work teams experienced a 20 percent increase in productivity on subsequent tasks after playing video games together for just 45 minutes. These 45 minutes could be the time offices implement as their gamification time. Another place where gamification is really making a difference is in school education. Gamification in schools and offices have almost the same objective, except in schools, the games are targeted at a younger audience.

Incorporating games into offices is not an easy task. A lot of issues arise, like what if people get too competitive or what if they get distracted? There have to be games which create a balance of recreation and education. The purpose of these games is to basically educate the workers. According to an article by author Dave Nevogt,

One of the biggest problems with gamification is that it incentivizes winning over other objectives… Working in a corporate environment has traditionally been a relationship of exchanging time and effort for money — and this naturally leads to a lack of motivation in the long term, especially for millennials who want to be engaged in meaningful work.

These issues have to be prioritized if gamification in the workplace can be a realistic market.

NASA Goddard Engineer Tom Grubb uses VR/AR

As you probably already know, new consoles and games are always coming out, like the Xbox and PlayStation. However, there is a much deeper future than just the normal consoles. That future is the world of VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality). VR is already making a strong push into the gaming industry, especially with new headsets like Sony’s and Oculus’. VR is groundbreaking, but AR is where things get especially exciting. AR is a different type of interactive experience than VR. AR takes computerized graphics and places them in the real environment. One of the first games we saw including AR was Pokemon GO, which displayed an image of different Pokemon fighting in the environment through your device. Another example of AR we don’t notice everyday is in football. All the yellow lines and scoreboards on the field are all possible with AR. Now, you may be wondering what all of this has to do with an office. But, these new tech games are the ones that are going to be used in the workplace. New technologies have a tendency of providing people with fun through novelty, especially young adults just getting started in their adult lives. More excitement in a game makes for a more fun experience, which makes for a more productive game and person. The ultimate goal is to help employees work harder by having fun.

As you can see, games can be used for other purposes than just for teenagers playing around. Games give a sense of entertainment and recreation, which helps a person become more engaged. This concept, which has been used for generations, is now just being used with more technology. If gamification in the workplace can be implemented in all offices, every employee can work and have fun!

Quantum Cryptography: The Locks and Keys of the Future

Companies around the world are always searching for new and better ways to protect their data. For this reason, encrypting code is very crucial for business to be successful. They must encrypt their data and source code in such a way so that no unauthorized person is able to access their data. Today, it is easier than ever for hackers to acquire valuable data since most of the companies around the world store their data in the cloud. While the cloud makes it cheaper and easier for companies to store their data, it also makes it easier for that information to end up in the wrong hands. To avoid this vulnerability, companies use a “key” which can decode the encryption protecting their code. Although encryption is safe, when put up against truly experienced or keen hackers, this key can be stolen or eventually deduced. One very innovative way to protect code and get around the current vulnerabilities involved with regular encryption is by using quantum cryptography. 

Quantum cryptography, also known as quantum encryption, is a new way to send keys for encryption at a quantum level. The more specific type of quantum cryptography we are talking about is quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution works by having the quantum key encode and send the information needed to decode a message via light particles. Sending a message through light particles makes it virtually impossible for hackers to attain the encrypted data or the decryption key.

Sending information using light particles isn’t an easy task, but allow me to explain how it works. Let us say, for example, a key is being sent between two people using quantum cryptography. This key can be transferred using a stream of photons in one direction. Each of these photon particles can be represented as a number for data, either a 0 or a 1. While on their journey, these photons are vibrating in a certain matter which can be in any 360 degree direction, but to simplify quantum cryptography, we use four states: UP/DOWN, LEFT/RIGHT, UPLEFT/RIGHTDOWN and UPRIGHT/LEFTDOWN. The angle at which the particle vibrates is known as the polarization of the light particle. We then use a polarizer to send messages with these photons. A polarizer is basically a filter that permits certain photons to pass through it with the same vibration as before and lets others pass through in a changed state of the vibration. With this polarizer, a person can assign each photon a particular direction using numbers for the data. The photons containing the information then get sent out to the other person receiving the message. The receiver then uses a special type of decryption machine to figure out each direction of each photon. This will allow the person to then access the data and information without anyone else obtaining it since the photons are sent directly from person to person at the speed of light.

If quantum cryptography becomes a commercial product for business, it can transform the concept of security to a whole new level. Before explaining how quantum cryptography can work for other businesses, we have to understand how businesses currently protect their information. Historically, most companies used to set up warehouses where all their data would be stored in servers, which is a term called “in-house.” However, now, most start up businesses use the cloud to store their information as it is much cheaper and easier to manage. The bigger companies use a hybrid system as they store some information in the cloud and store some information in-house. This is more beneficial as it isn’t too costly, and the secure information gets protected in the warehouse. The problem with the cloud is that it is easier for that information to be stolen. With quantum cryptography, that is no longer a problem.

Quantum cryptography can be used to protect valuable information in the cloud at a vastly new level of security and dependability. The same message using light particles can be used to send information through the cloud or to protect a company’s source code. The message will be broken down into photons of light and delivered between two parties, so no one else is able to view it. This message can take the form of information for customers, employees, or whoever else the company wants to send it to. Information kept in the cloud is managed by third party companies like AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform, to name a few. This quantum cryptography solution can be used by these companies to make their clouds safer for other businesses to use.

This quantum cryptography solution to modern encryption vulnerability isn’t just a myth; there have already been tests and experiments on the idea of quantum cryptography. The first quantum transaction took place in 2004, when researchers in Vienna used entangled photons to transfer a 3,000-Euro deposit into their bank account. Quantum cryptography has already been experimented with, but it hasn’t been used to send data through the cloud yet.  According to quantum cryptographer Artur Ekert, a professor at the University of Oxford and director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies at the National University of Singapore,

There is still a way to go before it becomes a standard commercial proposition, but we are getting there faster than I expected.

It is very possible for this technology to become a commercial product to be used by all companies, but there’s still a significant amount of research and work to do before this becomes a widespread reality. 

Quantum cryptography could serve as a wonder for all businesses using the cloud. It protects their data in such a way which makes it almost impossible for someone to steal information they are not authorized to access.. Those who don’t own a business may not care about protecting businesses’ data, but most people work as employees for companies, which means that their job security also depends on the expansion of this technology.  Quantum cryptography/encryption benefits the businesses most, but it also benefits the employees working for these companies by ensuring that their jobs are not lost due to negligence with valuable information. 

It may only be a short time before companies start storing information on light particles, but for the time being, the cloud is our best option. I’m excited for a new day and age when even our clouds can be locked and protected!

Internet Trolls: Why They Prosper From Your Grief

Internet trolls are a force to be reckoned with.

Have you ever played an online video game? Entered a chat room? Posted a topic? Wrote a blog? Of course you have. And maybe you have even been trolled in the process… but what is trolling and how have you been affected?

The internet troll is a unique individual, at times making quick appearances, other times invading our cyber lives in overwhelming fashion. They are best described as individuals who regularly exhibit the three characteristics of the Dark Triad:

  • Narcissism – pride and egotism with a lack of empathy.
  • Machiavellianism – deceiving and using others for self gain; immoral individuals.
  • Psychopathy – exhibiting remorselessness and again a lack of empathy.

Related ArticleA Note on the Top 1%: Psychopaths or Superhumans?

Internet trolls are not only described by those characteristics, but also proven to share a correlation with them! In a new study, titled “Trolls Just Want to Have Fun” (genius), it was found that:

trolling correlated positively with sadism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, using both enjoyment ratings and identity scores.

But why would anyone troll your blog about cute animals doing cute things? Your blog is silly and I hate you and your cute things are disgusting that’s why! Sorry about that, my inner troll popped up unexpectedly.

But seriously, they thrive off of personal work and emotion. Something you put a great deal of work and time into is the ideal target.

Even in a chat room where a serious debate has ensued, a troll will inevitably charge in to divert the focus of the debate or simply mock any and every intellectual point made. Their actions and words spark an emotional connection and provoke a passionate, heartfelt response. This is precisely the point when a troll reigns victorious.

Related ArticleNOT Another 9-11 Article (rolls eyes*)

Did you just achieve a new rank in a game? Did someone follow up that achievement with a statement to anger you? You read:  “Newb.” or “LOL props scrub,” and with that all your hard work and sense of achievement wanes into a form of senseless rage. But why would someone want to anger you? Why is it that someone is getting pleasure out of your misery?

The answer lies in the conclusion of the study:

[Internet] trolling appears to be an Internet manifestation of everyday sadism.

Sadists. All of them. This result bolsters the idea that a their behavior is actually representative of an even greater evil, the Dark Tetrad. This malevolent nexus of annoying includes the Dark Triad with the addition of sadism – gaining pleasure from others’ misery.

Interestingly enough, you may have trolled someone yourself, out of boredom if not for any other reason. Maybe you’ve said someone’s profile picture is ugly or created a fake story, telling others the story is the gospel truth… does “spreading gossip” ring any bells? Does that make everyone a little sadistic, narcissistic, psychopathic, and Machiavellian? Is the world just an endless stream of Rick Rolls? Are we all internet trolls at heart?

Related ArticleYou Might be a Psychopath; Psychological Catch 22

Being trolled? Just breathe… they want you to respond in a heated manner. Ignore the comment, delete it, or simply move on to a different topic. To reply to them is to fuel them! LOL… here’s a graph depicting the reality of the dark tetrad around the world.

Cheers!

internet troll personality

Mean Personality Score.
http://www.motherjones.com

 

 

Research:

Science Direct: They just want to have fun

Science Direct: Dark Triad

Wikipedia: Dark Tetrad

Popular Science: Why We’re Shutting Off Our Comments

15 Infuriatingly Hilarious Quotes

 

Wondergressive: You Might be a Psychopath; Psychological Catch 22

Wondergressive: A Note on the Top 1%: Psychopaths or Superhumans?

Wondergressive: NOT Another 9-11 Article (rolls eyes*)

Is Religion Good For Your Brain?

When you think of religion does your body get invigorated? Do you feel your soul flutter? Does your brain reach a higher state of functioning? In answer to the last question, Jeffrey Anderson, assistant professor of nueroradiology at the University of Utah states that,

We think we have the tools now to do a study of brain activity during the really profound and deep types of emotional and social interactions associated with religion, and we’re really excited to try and understand more.

religion science god

Religion constantly falls under the close scrutiny of science.

Anderson and other researchers are launching a new study that will examine exactly how religion and spiritual rituals impact the human brain. The study will consist of participants between the age of 20 and 30 who are currently active in their faith. An MRI scan will be performed while the participants are surrounded by faith oriented activities, such as listening to spiritual music, listening to proclamations from their religion, and acting out religious rituals associated with their particular faith. Very interesting indeed, but it will take some time before the results of the study are posted. If you believe your self to be a prime candidate for the study, and of course as long as you are in the immediate area of the University of Utah, you can apply to be a participant on the Religious Brain Project website.

Related ArticleMorals or More Rails (to guide us)

The study does beg another set of questions however: can religion and belief be measured by science? Or rather, should science be used to gauge religion? Is it morally correct to accept religion over science, or vice versa? Essentially we arrive at a very pertinent question: should religion be completely replaced by science within the school system as a more viable teaching strategy?

Bill Nye (yes, the science guy) and Ken Ham (Answers in Genesis, supporting the side of religion and creationism) squared off in a debate last night about religion which addressed these issues directly. The overarching question of the debate was : Is creation a viable model of human origins in today’s modern scientific era? Both sides had their own opinions as well as evidence to back up their claims.

religion creation science

Which Religion is right? Which book do your prefer? sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com

In the debate, Ken Ham defends religion by stating that science should be split into two separate categories. The first would pertain to observational science (a science based on models). This category involves what we experience now and how the world works today. The second category involves historical science (a type of theoretical science of origin) which is used to define our origins and makes sense of the world around us from a historical perspective. He stresses the importance of separating the two to help with the confusion that children are being exposed to. He gives the example that by only teaching evolution, which to most starts with a random beginning for no reason other than “it happened,” we limit children to thinking that science is just as random. This randomness can crate incredible confusion when making conclusions about existential quandaries children are trying to work through. Ken Ham asserts that instead, children should be taught religion and to embrace the idea of God because it empowers them to think they are indeed special, as they are made in the image of God.

Related ArticleIn 1610 God Was a Binary, Fractal, Self-Replicating Algorithm

Bill Nye on the other hand focuses on accepted scientific evidence to disprove Ham’s assertions regarding religious truth. For example, he refers to the different layers in stone and snow that have been compressed to form ice which would take far longer than the amount of time Creationism allows for. He talks about the allotted four thousand years since the Great Flood and the improbability of the amount of species we see today to exist with the limited time that Creationists claim elapsed since then. He stresses the idea that we need to depend on natural law and orders, not religious or divine laws, to predict practical and accurate future theories and laws. He asserts that the basis of scientific education must be information derived through the scientific process, such as evolution, in order for children and future scientists to make reasonable scientific predictions in the future. In essence, he is claiming that one must understand and accept theories like evolution which have been supported with scientific evidence in order to understand why a fish can come to walk on land, why there are over 8.7 million different species on Earth, why layers in rocks and trees and ice exist, and so on.  He stresses that by allowing religion and Creationism to thrive in academic settings we are impeding the scientific literacy of future generations and essentially stifling the United States in future scientific breakthroughs.

Related Article: Watching Evolution Occur

The debate finished with questions and rebuttals, but the underlying theme of the debate, I fear, was lost. Instead of trying to prove why one or the other is wrong in the school system, it turned into a contest of ego and the denouncing of each others ideals.

religion science stats

Some surprising statistics about religion and science. blog.faithlife.com

I wonder, why not accept both ideas? Why not teach every child in every classroom the idea of science, and then, on your own time, teach your children your worship, your religion, and your belief. Allow for both religion and science to be taught in their own settings (in schools and at home/place of worship respectively) and allow for the child to then choose which idea they support and believe. What is with this unyielding hatred between the two schools of thought? What ever happened to being free and allowing for choice? Most importantly though: can’t we all just get along?

In the end, much of the issue is largely based on opinion, some opinions stemming from facts, others stemming from observed information. One thing is for certain, all this debate and speculation on religion is definitely causing your brain to function at an elevated level. Maybe you’ve been unintentionally participating in Anderson’s experiment this whole time!

To feed your own opinions further, or for the sake of debate itself, check out the Bill Nye and Ken Ham debate on Creationism vs. science in the video below!

Cheers!


Sources:

Religious Brain Project

Deseret News: What’s the effect of religion on the brain? U. launches new study

University of Utah

Youtube: Bill Nye Debates Ken Ham

Youtube: Bill Nye: Creationism Is Not Appropriate for Children

Youtube: Ken Ham Responds to Bill Nye “the Humanist Guy”

Answers in Genesis – Creationism

Wikipedia: Genesis flood narrative

Backreaction: Models and Theories

Models, Theories, and Laws

How many species on Earth? 8.7 million

 

Wondergressive: Watching Evolution Occur

Wondergessive: Morals or More Rails (to guide us)

Wondergressive: In 1610 God Was a Binary, Fractal, Self-Replicating Algorithm